<h1 id="understanding">Understanding<a aria-hidden="true" class="anchor-heading icon-link" href="#understanding"></a></h1>
<ul>
<li>Use background knowledge to disambiguate between similar sounding statements with different meanings</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="thematic-role-systems">Thematic Role Systems<a aria-hidden="true" class="anchor-heading icon-link" href="#thematic-role-systems"></a></h2>
<h3 id="analysis">Analysis<a aria-hidden="true" class="anchor-heading icon-link" href="#analysis"></a></h3>
<p>"Ashok made pancakes for David with a griddle."</p>
<h4 id="lexical-analysis">Lexical analysis<a aria-hidden="true" class="anchor-heading icon-link" href="#lexical-analysis"></a></h4>
<ul>
<li>categorize words, noun, verb, etc
<ul>
<li>"Ashok (noun) made (verb) pancakes for David with a griddle."</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>noun phrase and verb phrase encompassing multiple words
<ul>
<li>"Ashok(noun phrase) | made pancakes for David with a griddle(verb phrase)"</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="semantic-analysis">Semantic analysis<a aria-hidden="true" class="anchor-heading icon-link" href="#semantic-analysis"></a></h4>
<ul>
<li>structure of the sentence like action, object, beneficiary and instrument
<ul>
<li>"Ashok(agent) made(verb) pancakes(thematic object) for David(beneficiary) with a griddle(instrument)."</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Frame representation</li>
</ul>
<pre class="language-text"><code class="language-text">Thematic Role:
- Verb: make
- Agent: Ashok
- Beneficiary: David
- Thematic Object: Pancakes
- Instrument: Griddle
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>capture verbs</li>
<li>Single verbs can be ambiguous</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="leveraging-constraints">Leveraging Constraints<a aria-hidden="true" class="anchor-heading icon-link" href="#leveraging-constraints"></a></h2>
<h3 id="constraints">Constraints<a aria-hidden="true" class="anchor-heading icon-link" href="#constraints"></a></h3>
<p>Constraints imposed by the language help guide meaning</p>
<div class="table-responsive">




























<table><thead><tr><th>Preposition</th><th>Thematic Roles</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>by</td><td>Agent, conveyance, location</td></tr><tr><td>for</td><td>Beneficiary, duration</td></tr><tr><td>from</td><td>Source</td></tr><tr><td>to</td><td>Destination</td></tr><tr><td>with</td><td>Coagent, instrument</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<p>Examples of by:</p>
<ul>
<li>"That was written by Ashok" - Agent</li>
<li>"David went to NY by train" - Conveyance</li>
<li>"David stood by the statue" - Location</li>
</ul>
<p>Individual verbs can be ambiguous</p>
<p>!!! 14.09 resolving ambiguity in verbs</p>

Understanding

notes

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Preposition	Thematic Roles
by	Agent, conveyance, location
for	Beneficiary, duration
from	Source
to	Destination
with	Coagent, instrument