Analogical_Reasoning

• Represented by two objects connected by a relationship
  • features of objects and values of features of objects can create similarity as well

Cross Domain Analogy

patient/laser problem relation to army/road problem

Similarity

• Superficial: deals with features, counts, objects

• Deep: deals with relationships between objects, relationships between relationships

• Semantic: conceptual similarity between target and source case

• Pragmatic: similarity of external factors, such as goals

• Structural: similarity between representational structures

Phases

Case base reasoning is very similar to analogical reasoning, but analogical reasoning has a mapping and transfer step in addition.

Retrieval

When talking about the relationship of an electron to a neutron in an atom, retrive example of planet relationship to sun in the solar system.

Type of similarity is important, see ##Similarity

case-based reasioning would likely only pull superficially similar or deeply and superficially similar analogies.

Mapping

What in the source problem pertains to what in the target problem.

Solve the correspondence problem:

• give higher-order relationships priority over lower-order relationships
• 18.11 lecture
• patient/army analogy mapping should be based on goal. Army's goal is to kill king, laser's goal is to kill tumor

Transfer

Once correspondence has been established: induce a pattern of relationships

• goal: kill king / remove tumor
• obsticle: road mines / healthy tissue
• resource: soldiers / lasers
• strategy: decompose resource, arrive at location at the same time

In a graphical representation, the vertices represent the objects and features, the edges are representing relationships

Evaluation

Evaluation can reach out to prior states, such as retrieval, mapping or transfer to help a source get closer to the goal.

Storage

Store case and solution as a source case and keep for case-based reasoning

Compound Analogy

Use parts of several analogies to combine into one source.

Issues w/ Analogical Reasoning

• different cases may not have common vocabulary
• Abstraction and transformation
• Compound and compositional analogies
• Visuospacial analogies
• Conceptual combination